Black Fungus – III | The Conclusion

Causes of Black fungus

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales. In most cases, it is caused by the invasion of Rhizopus and Mucor, common bread molds. Most fatal infections are caused by Rhizopus oryzae. This is less likely to be caused by leukemia, and rarely by Apophisomyces.  Others include Cunninghamella, Mortarella, and Saxonia. 

Fungal spores are in the environment, for example, can be found on moldy bread and fruit and are often inhaled, but only cause disease in some people. In addition to accumulating in the nose, sinuses, and lungs, the spores can enter the skin through the blood or directly through a cut or open wound, or develop in the intestine when eaten. Once accumulated, the fungus develops branch-like filaments that invade blood vessels, causing clots to form and surrounding tissue to die.  Other reported causes include contaminated wound dressings. Mucormycosis has been reported following the use of elastoplastic and tongue depressors to insert intravenous catheters, outbreaks are attributed to hospital bedspreads, negative pressure rooms, water leaks, poor ventilation, contaminated medical equipment. has been ordained. has also been added. and construction work.

Treatment of Black Fungus

If black fungus is suspected, amphotericin B therapy should be given immediately because of the rapid spread of the disease and the high mortality rate. Amphotericin B is usually administered for an additional 4-6 weeks after initial therapy has begun to ensure eradication of the infection. Isavuconazole was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis. The disease should be carefully monitored for any signs of re-emergence. The disease often affects the eyes, nose, skin, and lungs. This fungal disease is extremely dangerous, especially if it spreads to the brain, causing the death of the patient. If it affects the eye, removal of the eye is the only way to prevent further spread to the brain. The surgery can be very drastic, and in some cases of disease involving the nasal cavity and brain, removal of infected brain tissue may be required. In some cases, the surgery can be distorted because it may involve removing the structure of the palate, nasal cavity, or eye. The surgery can be extended to more than one operation. It has been hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen may be beneficial as an adjuvant therapy because the high oxygen pressure enhances the ability of neutrophils to kill fungi.

Remedy

Once mucormycosis is suspected, amphotericin B is administered initially at an initial dose of 1mg slowly into a vein over 10-15 minutes, then as a once-daily dose according to body weight for the next 14 days. is given as. It may need to be continued for a longer period of time. Isavuconazole and Posaconazole Are Alternatives

Surgery for Back fungus

Surgery may be too harsh and may require the removal of some cases of nasal cavity and diseases associated with the brain, infected brain tissue. Removal of structures of the palate, nasal cavity, or eyes can be very distorted. Sometimes more than one operation is needed.

Other Medications

The disease should be carefully monitored for any signs of re-emergence. Treatment also requires correction of glucose levels and improvement of neutrophil counts. Hyperbaric oxygen may be considered as adjunctive therapy, because of the high oxygen pressure. It increases the ability of neutrophils to kill fungi. The effectiveness of this therapy is uncertain.

Information source: Wikipedia